Receiving feedback can be one of the most valuable parts of professional growth—but only if you understand it. Unfortunately, not all feedback is clear. Sometimes it’s vague (“You need to be more proactive”), contradictory, or delivered in a way that leaves you unsure what to do next. In his Fast Company article, cognitive scientist Art Markman suggests that instead of reacting defensively or making assumptions, you can turn confusing feedback into a productive learning moment by asking three key questions.
The first question is “What went wrong?” This helps you uncover the specific behavior or situation the person observed. Instead of guessing what they meant, you invite them to describe the action itself. The second is “What was the impact?” Understanding how your behavior affected others or the outcome gives you valuable insight into why the feedback matters. Finally, ask “What should I do differently next time?” This transforms the conversation from criticism to coaching, giving you practical steps for improvement.
By using these three questions, you shift the feedback exchange from confusion to clarity. You show openness to learning, demonstrate professionalism, and create a space for meaningful dialogue. In the end, the goal isn’t just to receive feedback—it’s to use it to grow, communicate better, and strengthen your working relationships.